test method

Temperature compensation

Temperature compensation of electrical resistors

Temperature compensation is not a standalone test method, but a mandatory prerequisite for being able to meaningfully compare temperature-dependent resistances with each other. Manufacturer specifications for products with temperature-dependent resistances therefore always refer to a defined reference temperature, for example 20 °C.

If a resistance measurement is subsequently performed at a different temperature, for instance 33 °C, the measured value without temperature compensation is not directly comparable with the factory specifications. Only by converting to the reference temperature is a correct evaluation and comparability of the measurement results enabled.

 

Temperature Compensation for Ohmic Resistances

Ohmic resistances change their resistance value with temperature. This is caused by the temperature-dependent resistivity of the material used, e.g., copper or aluminum. This property is described by the temperature coefficient (TC or TCR). Using a mathematical relationship, the resistance at a specific temperature can be calculated – and conversely, the temperature can be determined from the measured resistance.

For temperature-dependent resistances to be comparable, the temperature of the device under test must be known. It is recorded either with an ambient temperature sensor or – for higher measurement accuracy – via a temperature sensor directly attached to the device under test. Alternatively, a radiation pyrometer can be used for non-contact measurement. Based on this temperature, the measured resistance is converted to the resistance it would have at a defined reference temperature (comparison temperature, e.g., 20°C or 25°C). This conversion is referred to as temperature compensation.

 

Temperature Compensation for Insulation Resistances

Insulation resistances exhibit a pronounced dependence on temperature. With increasing temperature, insulation resistance typically decreases significantly, often by several orders of magnitude. This is caused by physical effects such as increased charge carrier mobility, material-specific conduction mechanisms, and influences from moisture and aging. In contrast to ohmic resistances, this behavior is not described by a linear temperature coefficient, but frequently by empirical or exponential relationships.

For temperature-dependent insulation resistances to be comparable and correctly evaluated, the temperature of the device under test must be known. It is determined either via an ambient temperature sensor or – for higher measurement accuracy – via a temperature sensor directly attached to the device under test. Alternatively, a radiation pyrometer can be used for non-contact measurement.

Based on the determined temperature, the measured insulation resistance is converted to the value it would have at a defined reference temperature (e.g., 20 °C or 40 °C). This conversion is referred to as temperature compensation of the insulation resistance.

Test devices and Test systems

GLP2-R

For EOL testing
For fast automation processes and inline quality assurance
For laboratories and manual measurements

  • Four-wire technology, eliminates line and contact resistances
  • Measurement cable break detection
  • Contacting error detector
  • Temperature compensation for temperature-dependent resistances
  • Surface or ambient temperature measurement
  • Automatically executing test steps
  • Built-in switch-over between different test points
  • Test points modularly expandable with relay matrices

Communication with
«» PC
«» PLC
«» LabVIEW®
«» MES / ERP
«» Fieldbus e.g. PROFIBUS …
«» Industrial Ethernet e.g. PROFINET, EtherCAT, EtherNet/IP, Modbus-TCP …

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GLP2-MODULAR

Multifunction test device with up to 25 test methods

  • “All in one”
  • Safety test devices
  • Safety & functional test devices
  • Modularly combinable from over 25 test methods
  • Up to 250 test connections
  • Switching matrixes for all types of test methods
  • PL e, SIL 3, two-hand control Type III C, Cat. 4 safety circuit (depending on device variant and degree of hazard)
  • Network
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GLP3

Class-leading test technology unlimited

The top class of test and measurement technology for safety & function test.

  • “All in one”
  • Safety & functional test devices
  • For complex projects
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  • Modularly combinable from over 30 test methods
  • Up to 350 test connections
  • Switching matrices for all types of test methods
  • PL e, SIL 3, Cat. 4 safety circuit, two-hand operation 2-channel safety
  • Windows 11®
  • Network
  • Protocol & label printing
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  • Interfaces for automation such as PROFINET, EtherCAT, TCP/IP, …
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GLP3-M

Electric motor Test - EOL, Series and Laboratory

For production, EOL and automation
For test laboratories

Test benches for functional and safety testing of all types of Motors.

  • Asynchronous Motors
  • Synchronous Motors
  • Linear Motors
  • Stepper Motors
  • BLDC
  • DC Motors
  • Motor attachments
    – Brake
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    – Fan
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MotorAnalyzer1

The entry-level model for your Motor service

CHECK YOUR MOTOR’S HEALTH!

For electric motor service and repair
For electric motor repair
For maintenance, servicing, and service

  • Universal stator, armature, Motor, and transformer Test device
  • 10 built-in test methods
  • Automatic measurement between the three Connections of a three-phase Motor
  • Built-in results database
  • Transmission of the results via RS-232 or USB interface to the PC
  • Mains-independent battery operation with battery status indicator
  • Extremely compact design
  • Ideal tool for on-site use and for the workshop

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MotorAnalyzer3

The mobile ALL-IN-ONE professional model for your Motor service

CHECK YOUR MOTOR’S HEALTH!

For electric motor service and repair
For electric motor repair
For maintenance, servicing, and service

  • Globally unique – the mobile ALL-IN-ONE test device
  • AutoTest – the fastest troubleshooting
  • Battery operation – Test nonstop
  • surge test up to 3 kV | 0.45 Joule
  • High voltage DC up to 6 kV
  • Insulation up to 500 GΩ
  • Polarization index and DAR
  • LCR measurement
  • Automatic measurement between the four relevant Connection points of the three-phase Motor
    • three winding Connections
    • one housing Connection (laminated core or Motor housing)
  • Communication with
    «» PC via Bluetooth

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MTC2 R7

Universal winding Test devices 6, 12, 15, 30, 40 and 50 kV

MTC2 winding Test systems are very compact, fully automatic high-end Test devices for a wide variety of winding goods in development, production, and Test laboratory.

For production, EOL, automation
For test laboratory, R&D, approval, certification tests
For repair, maintenance, and service

surge test

    • Ultra-fast 50 measurements per second
    • Phase comparison between phases
    • Patented peak-to-peak measurement

Partial discharge compliant with DIN EN 60034-18:2014

    • Passive or active antenna
    • Conducted coupling

ohmic resistance

    • Winding
    • Temperature sensor

insulation resistance

    • IR
    • PI
    • DAR

High voltage AC optional

Test connections

    • Standard: 4
    • Optional: 7 and more

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MTC3 R2

The high-end test systems for Motor production – without limit

MTC3 winding test systems are fully automatic high-end test devices for various winding goods in development, production, and test laboratories.

For production, EOL, automation
For test laboratory, R&D, approval, certification tests

  • Testing of stators, rotors, transformers and inductors
  • Surge test up to 15 kV
  • Fully built-in partial discharge test according to IEC 61934 and DIN EN 60034-18-41
  • Resistance measurement in four-wire technology with temperature compensation
  • Insulation resistance test with automatic PI measurement
  • Inductance test | LCR inductance measurement bridge
  • High voltage test AC according to VDE standard
  • Partial discharge at high voltage AC
  • Insulation test DC
  • Precise four-wire resistance measurement with temperature compensation down to the µΩ-space
  • Rotating field test with static probe
  • Expansion to up to 150 connections
  • Temperature sensor test for 1, 2, 3 … x sensors

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